The scientific name for non-native phragmites is Phragmites australis. This invasive plant spreads very quickly and can become a monoculture by crowding out native species through taking their water and nutrients, decreasing biodiversity in areas of invasion.

Stands can grow up to 5 meters tall, with up to 200 stems per square meter - choking out other plant species and resulting in a monoculture.

Invasive phragmites has a significant impact on ecosystems.  It causes loss of habitat, leading to a decrease in biodiversity.  It also can cause changes in hydrology and nutrient cycling.

Several species at risk birds, especially those whose native habitat or breeding grounds are marshlands, are under threat due to invasive phragmites, which can decrease availability of food and nesting sites.

Amphibians and reptiles are also threatened as their habitat is invaded.  In particular, the dense monocultures impede turtles' ability to move through their habitat.